جنايات ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في منظور الفقه الإسلامي متلازمة داون أنموذجا

Section: Article

Abstract






الأشخاص المصابون بمتلازمة داون من حيث الأداء صنفين: صنف المميزين وهم  ذوو الإعاقة البسيطة كالمميز والمعتوه  فهؤلاء يتمتعون بأهلية ناقصة لوجود شيء من العقل والفهم والقدرة، وصنف غير المميزين، وهم أصحاب ذوو الإعاقة الشديدة وهم من غلبت عليهم أوصاف المجانين لانعدام الأهلية لديهم، فقد أجمع أهل العلم على عدم القصاص من غير المكلف كالصبي والمجنون والمعتوه، واختلفوا في جناياتهم أهي عمد ام خطأ، ذهب الجمهور إلى أن عمد الصبي خطا والدية على العاقلة وذهب الشافعية في الأظهر أن جناية الصبي تجري مجرى العمد، وذهب أحمد في هذا في المميز، كما اختلفوا أيضاً في إيجاب الكفارة عليه فذهب الجمهور أن الكفارة تجب في مال غير المكلف كالصبي والمجنون،  وعند الحنفية خلاف ذلك: فقالوا لا كفارة إلا على المكلف، كما أجمع أهل العلم على وجوب منع غير المكلف من انتهاك محارم والله وحدوده، وأجمعوا على اسقاط الحدود عنهم، كما اتفقوا على جواز تعزير وتأديب غير المكلفين من صبيان ومجانين  بشرط  النفع







 

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جنايات ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في منظور الفقه الإسلامي متلازمة داون أنموذجا. (2026). Journal of Education for the Humanities , 6(24). https://doi.org/10.33899/jeh.v6i24.65281
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جنايات ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في منظور الفقه الإسلامي متلازمة داون أنموذجا. (2026). Journal of Education for the Humanities , 6(24). https://doi.org/10.33899/jeh.v6i24.65281