تقييم الاستهلاك وتقدير الاحتياجات المائية الحضرية في محافظة كركوك عبر الوحدات الادارية

Water is the most vital resource that directly influences various aspects of economic, social, and urban development due to its significant role in the progress and stability of societies in any region. From this perspective, the importance of this study emerges, as it addresses urban and domestic water consumption in Kirkuk Governorate according to its administrative units. The research focused on three main axes:

The first axis examined population change and urban development witnessed by Kirkuk Governorate over the past 50 years, during which water resources did not keep pace with spatial and demographic growth.

The second axis studied the water sources supplying the city, their efficiency, and their effectiveness in meeting the needs of the governorate’s cities, in addition to examining water consumption patterns and the factors affecting them.

The third axis analyzed the relationship between selected urban, economic, and social variables and domestic water consumption. The daily per capita domestic and urban water consumption was estimated at about 130 liters/person/day, while the daily urban consumption in Kirkuk city center (domestic, commercial, service, industrial, and recreational uses) was also calculated. Meanwhile, the average urban consumption for the governorate’s residents in the same year was estimated at about 150 liters/person/day, according to planning standards applied in several Arab cities. The