: Down syndrome as a model

Individuals with Down syndrome fall into two categories in terms of their functioning: those with mild disabilities, such as the intellectually gifted and those with intellectual disabilities, who possess limited legal capacity due to some degree of mental capacity, understanding, and ability; and those with severe disabilities, who are more commonly considered mentally incapacitated due to their lack of legal capacity. Scholars have unanimously agreed that those who are not legally responsible, such as children and the mentally incapacitated, are not subject to punishment. And the imbecile, and they differed regarding their crimes, whether they are intentional or unintentional. The majority held that the intentional act of a boy is unintentional and the blood money is on the clan. The Sahafi's held in the most apparent view that the crime of a boy is treated as intentional. Ahmad held this view regarding the discerning. They also differed regarding the obligation of expiation upon him. The majority held that expiation is obligatory from the money of the one who is not accountable, such as the boy and the insane person. And the Hanafi's held the opposite view: They said that expiation is only required of those who are legally responsible, just as scholars unanimously agree on the obligation to prevent those who are not legally responsible from violating God's prohibitions and limits, and they unanimously agree on exempting them from prescribed punishments. They also agree on the permissibility of disciplining and disciplinarily correcting those who are not legally responsible, such as children and the mentally ill, provided it is for their benefit.