Effect of Gamma Rays on the Induction and Growth of Portulaca Olereacea Callus and it’s Relationship with the Content of Active Compounds in it.

The current study showed the efficiency of gamma rays on the seeds and callus of Portulaca oleracea, where samples exposed to radiation with an energy of 662 MeV and an activity of 1µci for Cs-137 source, with exposure time (0.0, 60, 120 and 180) minutes. Effect of gamma was studied on: Seed germination, shoot and root system, callus induction, callus fresh weight, protein, in addition to estimating of active compounds. The overall results showed that highest percentage for seed germination when exposed for (180 minutes), which reached (95%). Callus results confirm that stem and node parts were more responsive to callus induction than root parts, the best result for the fresh weight of callus was at 180 minutes for stem callus which reached (8.0 and 9) g, and for the nodes it reached (8.2 and 8.8) g. protein obtained the best result at 180 min for the callus of stems, where it reached (808.0) µg/ml, and for the nodes it reached (825.14) µg/ml. As for the effect of gamma rays on callus content of active compound, it was found that gamma rays have an effect on stimulating construction of active phenolic compounds, as the percentage of accumulation of active compound was very low, but gamma rays stimulated it and increased its construction, the best result for accumulation of (2-6 dimethoxyphenol) was at 60 min of exposure to the rays with an accumulation percentage of stem callus is (1.043 and 0.231) µg/ml and for nodes callus (0.671and 0.009) µg/ml