Satire on the Contradiction of Al-Harith Ibn Hilza Al-Yashakri for Amr Ibn Kulthum Al-Taghlabi's Long Review

Satire on the Contradiction of Al-Harith Ibn Hilza Al-Yashakri for Amr Ibn Kulthum Al-Taghlabi's Long Review

Section: Article
Issue
Vol. 5 No. 20.4 (2025): Volume 5 / Special Issue (Extracted Research Papers 2)
Published
Nov 20, 2025
Pages
1297-1314

Abstract





In this study, we seek to uncover a part of the reality of the pre-Islamic era, and to illuminate the areas of satire in two Mu'allaqat by two poets from two different generations. The meeting was between two different visions of pre-Islamic life: the vision of the poet Amr ibn Kulthum al-Taghlabi, when he was in the prime of youth and strength, and the vision of the experienced, old poet al-Harith ibn Hilza al-Yashkuri, who improvised his poem to refute what was in Amr ibn Kulthum's poem. The antithesis is a poem in which a poet responds to his opponent's poet, refuting its meanings and turning his pride into satire. They met at the court of King Amr ibn Hind, who tried to reconcile the two tribes, Taghlib and Bakr. Each poet came with his Mu'allaqat in the position of pleading in defense of the tribe, and al-Harith was very successful in wresting power in favor of his tribe





References

  1.  Pre-Islamic Literature (Issues, Purposes, Notables, and Arts): Dr. Ghazi Tulaimat, A. Irfan Al-Ashqar, Dar Al-Fikr, 2nd ed., Damascus, 1428 AH - 2007 AD.
  2.  Pre-Islamic Literature, Issues, Arts, and Texts: Dr. Hassan Abdel Jalil Youssef, Al-Mukhtar Foundation, 1st ed., Cairo, 1421 AH - 2001 AD.
  3.  The Basis of Eloquence: Abu Al-Qasim Mahmoud bin Amr bin Ahmed Al-Zamakhshari Jar Allah, edited by: Muhammad Basil Ayoun Al-Sud, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1st ed., Beirut, 1419 AH - 1998 AD.
  4.  Dictations in Islamic Literature: Dr. Ibtisam Marhoun Al-Saffar, Dar Al-Manahj, Amman, Jordan, 1426 AH - 2006 AD
  5.  Heroism in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry: Dr. Mu’ayyad Muhammad Salih al-Yuzbaki, General Cultural Affairs House, 2nd ed., Baghdad, 2008.
  6.  History of Arabic Literature before Islam: Dr. Nouri Hamoudi Al-Qaisi, Dr. Adel Jassim Al-Bayani, Dr. Mustafa Abdul Latif, Ibn Al-Atheer House, 2nd ed., Baghdad, 2000 AD.
  7.  History of Arabic Literature: Ahmed Hassan Al-Zayat, Dar Nahdet, Cairo, 1990.
  8.  History of Arabic Literature: Carl Brockelmann, translated by: Abdel Halim Al-Najjar, Dar Al-Maaref, Cairo, 1995.
  9.  History of Arabic Literature, the Pre-Islamic Era: Shawqi Dayf, Dar Al-Maaref, 1st ed., Cairo, 1995
  10.  Development and innovation in Umayyad poetry: Shawqi Dayf, Dar Al-Maaref, 8th ed., Cairo, 1987 AD.
  11.  The dialectic of values in pre-Islamic poetry: Boujemaa Boubaio, Arab Writers Union, Damascus, 2001.
  12.  Literary Life in the Pre-Islamic Era: Muhammad Abd al-Mun’im Khafagi, Dar al-Jeel, 1st ed., Beirut, 1412 AH - 1992 AD.
  13.  Diwan of Al-Harith bin Halza Al-Yashkari, edited by: Emile Badi’ Yaqoub, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1424 AH - 2004 AD.
  14.  Diwan of Bishr bin Abi Khazim Al-Asadi: Investigation: Dr. Izza Hassan, Publications of the Directorate of Revival of Ancient Heritage, Damascus, 1379 AH - 1960 AD.
  15.  Diwan of Amr ibn Kulthum: Edited by: Emile Badi’ Yaqoub, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Arabi, 3rd ed., Beirut, 1419 AH - 1998 AD.
  16.  Masterpieces of wisdom in the poetry of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him): Investigation: Abbud Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Amir Library, 1st ed., Amman, 1999 AD.
  17.  Explanation of the Nine Famous Poems: Abu Jaafar Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Nahhas, edited by: Ahmad Khattab, Ministry of Information, Baghdad, 1393 AH - 1973 AD.
  18.  Pre-Islamic poetry, its characteristics and arts: Dr. Yahya Al-Jabouri, Al-Risala Foundation, 5th ed., Beirut, 1407 AH - 1986 AD.
  19.  War Poetry until the First Century AH: Dr. Nouri Hamoudi Al-Qaisi, Arab Renaissance Library, 1st ed., Beirut, 1406 AH - 1986.
  20.  The poetry of the Mu’allaqat in the light of the analytical study and contemporary vision: Salah Rizq, Dar Al-Thaqafa Al-Arabiya, 2nd ed., Cairo, 1409 AH - 1989 AD
  21.  Epic Poetry, Its History and Notable Figures: Dr. George Gharib, Dar Al Thaqafa, Beirut, 1985.
  22.  The image in Arabic poetry until the end of the second century AH - a study of its origins and development: Dr. Ali Al-Batal, Dar Al-Andalus, 3rd ed., Beirut, 1983 AD.
  23.  The Mayor in the Art of Poetry and its Criticism: Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Rasheeq al-Qayrawani, edited by: Sayyid Muhammad Badr al-Din al-Halabi, Al-Saada Press, 1st ed., Cairo, 1235 AH - 1907 AD.
  24.  Chivalry in pre-Islamic poetry: Dr. Nouri Hamoudi Al-Qaisi, Arab Renaissance Library, 2nd ed., Baghdad, 1984 AD.
  25.  The Art of Satire in the Poetry of the First Abbasid Era: Dr. Saad Ali Jaafar Al-Mura’eb, Dar Al-Radwan, 1st ed., Amman, 1437 AH - 2016 AD
  26.  In the theory of literature from the issues of poetry and prose in Arab criticism: Othman Muwafi, Dar Al-Ma’rifah Al-Jami’iyah, 2nd ed., Egypt, 1999.
  27.  Al-Qamoos Al-Muhit: Majd Al-Din Abu Tahir Muhammad bin Yaqub Al-Fayruzabadi, edited by: Muhammad Naim Al-Arqasus, Al-Risala Foundation, 8th edition, Beirut, 1426 AH - 2005 AD
  28.  The Book of Animals: Amr bin Bahr bin Mahbub Abu Uthman Al-Jahiz, edited by: Abdul Salam Muhammad Harun, Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi Library, Cairo, 1938 AD
  29.  Lisan Al-Arab Dictionary: Muhammad bin Makram Al-Ansari, Dar Sadir, 3rd edition, Beirut, 1414 AH.
  30.  The Ten Hanging Poems: Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad Faisal, King Fahd National Library, 1st ed., Riyadh, 1423 AH - 2002 AD
  31.  Poetry Criticism: Qudamah bin Jaafar, edited by: Muhammad Abdul-Moneim Al-Khafaji, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1956 AD.
  32.  Satire in Arabic Poetry: Dr. Siraj al-Din Muhammad, Dar al-Rateb University, 1st ed., Beirut, 2000 AD.
  33.  Satire and Satirists in the Pre-Islamic Era: Dr. Muhammad Hussein, Library of Literature, Cairo, 1947 AD.
  34.  Satire: Muhammad Sami Al-Dahan, Dar Al-Maaref, 3rd ed., Cairo, 1957 AD.
  35.  Mediation between Al-Mutanabbi and his opponents: by Judge Ali Abdul Aziz Al-Jurjani, edited by: Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim, Lisan Al-Arab Library, Issa Al-Babi Al-Halabi Press, 2nd ed., Cairo, 1951 AD.
  36.  Fear in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry: Jalil Hassan Muhammad, PhD thesis, supervised by: Dr. Muhammad Qasim Mustafa, College of Arts, University of Mosul, 1414 AH - 1994 AD.
  37.  Vision in the Ten Poems: Afrah Abdul Mahmoud Al-Sabbagh, PhD thesis, supervised by: Dr. Mu’ayyad Salih Al-Yuzbaki, College of Arts, University of Mosul, 1432 AH - 2011 AD.

Authors

Safa Nashwan

College of Arts /University of Mosul

Jinan Abduiiah Alzubaidi

College of Arts /University of Mosul

Identifiers

Statistics

How to Cite

صفا نشوان, & جنان عبدالله الزبيدي. (2025). Satire on the Contradiction of Al-Harith Ibn Hilza Al-Yashakri for Amr Ibn Kulthum Al-Taghlabi’s Long Review: Satire on the Contradiction of Al-Harith Ibn Hilza Al-Yashakri for Amr Ibn Kulthum Al-Taghlabi’s Long Review. Journal of Education for the Humanities, 5(20.4), 1297–1314. Retrieved from https://jeh.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/jeh/article/view/56201
Copyright and Licensing
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.