قياس الجفاف الفصلي في محافظة نينوى باستخدام مؤشر المطر القياسي (SPI) للمواسم المطرية للمدة (2012–2022)

القسم: Article
منشور
Mar 1, 2026
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35-1

الملخص

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل التباين المكاني والزماني لشدة وتكرار الجفاف والرطوبة الموسمية في محافظة نينوى، شمال العراق، خلال فصول الخريف والشتاء والربيع للمدة (2012–2022)، بهدف فهم التغيرات المناخية وانعكاساتها على الموارد الطبيعية. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في كون المحافظة تُعد من المناطق الزراعية الرئيسة في العراق، مما يجعل تحليل ظروفها المناخية أساساً لتخطيط السياسات الزراعية وإدارة الموارد المائية للمشاريع الزراعية.


اعتمدت الدراسة المنهجين الاستقرائي التحليلي والوصفي، مدعومَين بوسائل كمية باستخدام مؤشر المطر القياسي (SPI)، استنادًا إلى بيانات شهرية لـ34 محطة مناخية افتراضية عبر بيانات الأقمار الصناعية المتاحة على موقع وكالة ناسا https://power.larc.nasa.gov.


أظهرت النتائج أن الجفاف الخفيف ساد فصل الخريف في 33 محطة، مع تسجيل حالة رطوبة خفيفة واحدة فقط. أما فصل الشتاء فاتسم باستقرار نسبي دون تطرف مناخي، في حين أظهر الربيع نسبًا مرتفعة من الرطوبة الخفيفة (40.88%)، إلى جانب حالات محدودة من الجفاف المتطرف في جنوب غرب المحافظة. كما لم تُسجّل أية رطوبة متطرفة خلال مدة الدراسة، ما يشير إلى نمط مناخي يميل للجفاف الخفيف والمعتدل، مع تباين ملحوظ زمانيًا ومكانيًا.


يوصي البحث بتبني استراتيجيات مستدامة لإدارة المياه، والرصد المناخي، وتحسين كفاءة الزراعة عبر تقنيات مقاومة للجفاف.

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الإحصائيات

كيفية الاقتباس

خضر رشيد عبدالرحمن 1. (2026). قياس الجفاف الفصلي في محافظة نينوى باستخدام مؤشر المطر القياسي (SPI) للمواسم المطرية للمدة (2012–2022) . مجلة التربیة للعلوم الانسانیة, 6(22), 35–1. استرجع في من https://jeh.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/jeh/article/view/62096
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